Abscess, Defined

An abscess is defined as “a localized collection of pus, surrounded by inflamed tissue, caused by bacterial infection.” In a hoof abscess, bacteria typically enters the bottom of the hoof and migrates beneath the protective laminae. Here, bacteria grows rapidly. The body protects itself by producing white blood cells to fight the infection. The mix of dead and dying tissue, white blood cells, and decomposing body cells causes pressure to sensitive tissues. The resulting inflammation and pus is known as an abscess. Abscesses can form along the heel, sole, tip of the front, or along the coronary band.
An abscess often presents itself as a sudden lameness. Feel for a pounding pulse at the fetlock. In many cases, the hoof will feel unusually warm.
Whether you call your vet or your farrier first, is a matter of personal preference. In most cases, puncturing the site of the abscess will release the pressure, giving the horse significant relief.
Be sure to follow your vet or farrier’s advice for follow-up treatment, to ensure complete recovery.
Keeping your horse’s immune system in top shape can help his body fight infection such as abscess. If your horse suffers from chronic abscesses, your farrier may suggest keeping his feet dry and allowing them to toughen up/become less permeable to mud, water, and bacteria.

Causes of Abscesses

There are several common causes of abscesses. Among them:

1. Bruises to the sole. Pockets of blood develop due to an impact and later become infected.
2. A cut in the sole or frog, which allows bacteria to penetrate the hoof.
3. A crack in the hoof wall—another way for bacteria to enter the foot.
4. Foreign matter penetrating the foot. Material such as gravel can enter the hoof through the sole wall, migrate to the lamina and cause infection.

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